iAqueduct Data Repository
To address iAqueduct challenges, Table 1 lists the essential ecohydrological variables and parameters to be obtained or measured directly by means of various techniques from in situ, UAS, airborne, to satellite.
Table 1. Essential variables/parameters measured in iAqueduct observatories.
Variables/Parameters | Targeted Research | In Situ 1 | UAS 2 | Airborne 3 | Satellite Missions 4 |
Precipitation | Downscaling | X |
|
| X |
Air Temperature |
| X |
|
|
|
Air Pressure |
| X |
|
|
|
Humidity |
| X |
|
|
|
Wind speed/direction |
| X |
|
|
|
Four-component (and Net) Radiation |
| X |
|
| X5 |
Soil Heat Flux |
| X |
|
|
|
Evaporation/transpiration | Downscaling |
|
|
| X |
Runoff |
| X | X |
|
|
Stream Flow |
| X |
|
|
|
Groundwater level |
| X |
|
|
|
Soil Properties (texture, hydraulic, thermal, etc.) | Retrieval | X | X | X | X |
Soil Moisture (surface, profile) | Downscaling | X | X |
| X |
Soil Temperature (surface, profile) |
| X | X | X | X |
Soil Freeze-Thaw (surface, profile) |
| X | X | X | X |
Snow Depth |
| X | X | X | X |
Snow Water Equivalent |
|
|
|
| X |
Land Cover Types |
| X | X |
| X |
Vegetation Coverage |
| X | X | X | X |
Plantation Structure |
| X | X |
|
|
Leaf Area Index |
| X | X |
| X |
Vegetation Structure Parameters (density, canopy height, crown diameter, etc.) |
| X | X |
| X |
Biomass (NPP and NEE) |
| X | X | X | X |
DEM |
|
| X |
| X |
Laser altimetry |
|
| X |
| X |
Reflectance (optical range) | Energy balance and vegetation dynamics | X | X | X | X |
Fluorescence (optical range) |
|
| X |
| X |
Emittance (thermal range) | Energy balance and temperature downscaling | X | X | X | X |
Brightness temperature (microwave range) | Soil moisture downscaling |
|
| X | X |
Backscattering coefficient (microwave range) | Soil moisture downscaling |
|
|
| X |
1 In Situ spatial resolution: 1cm to 5cm; temporal resolution: seconds to minutes, hours, and days. 2 UAS spatial resolution: 5cm to 15cm; temporal resolution: hours to days. 3 Airborne spatial resolution: 15cm −10m; temporal resolution: hours to days. 4 Satellite spatial resolution: 10 m–25 km; temporal resolution: days to weeks.5 Only Albedo, Land Surface Temperature